The interest you are charged is as much a reflection of the lenders’ financial circumstances as it is of yours. These are the main factors that affect the interest rates you pay:

The Bank of England’s official Base Rate
These days this affects saving rates more than lending rates. Only Base rate tracker mortgages are directly affected by movements in the Base Rate.

Money market interest rates
There are two interest rates which are very influential to the you are charged. Firstly, there’s what’s called the LIBOR rate. This is the rate banks pay to borrow money from other banks for short periods. Then there’s the SWAP rate. This is the rate banks pay for borrowing money from other banks for longer periods. These interest rates particularly influence the cost of fixed rate mortgages and those tracker mortgages that are linked to LIBOR.

The bank’s money supply
The principle is simple: If the lenders are short of money to lend but the demand is there, they’ll charge more and vice versa. At the moment the mortgage companies are using higher interest rates and higher deposit requirements to effectively control demand. As their coffers are replenished you’ll see lending criteria being relaxed.

Pressures on lenders to increase their cash reserves
Post credit crunch, the Financial Services Authority has forced lenders to hold twice as much in cash reserves. This means they have less to lend. And as we all know, some of the banks owe the Government billions which they’ll have to repay. This all creates pressures on them to increase their profits. How to the respond? Guess what, they charge us more!

Your Deposit
The bigger your deposit the more equity you’ll own in your home – and bankers like you to have plenty of equity - as that means they’re more certain to get back the money they lent you, if things go wrong. This means that they entice borrowers with plenty of equity by offering them the lowest rates.

Your Credit Score
The large credit agencies such as Experian, constantly collect information about your finances. They know who you owe money to and who you have applied to for credit and whether you’ve missed any payments. They also record defaults and County Court Judgements etc. They then use all this money to score you for your credit worthiness.

The lenders of unsecured loans and credit cards also use this information to decide not only whether to lend you money, but what rate to offer you.